Vascular Flora of the Ivy Creek Natural Area

compiled by Thomas Wieboldt, 1980
revised by
Charles Stevens, 1989
Timothy Williams, 1995

TREES, SHRUBS, AND VINES
Class Angiospermea

Aceraceae	Maple Family
Acer rubum	Red Maple
Acer negundo	Box Elder
Anacardiaceae	Sumac (Cashew) Family
Rhus copallina	Winged Sumac
Rhus glabra	Smooth Sumac
Rhus radicans	Poison Ivy
Annonaceae	Custard-Apple Family
Asimina triloba	Pawpaw
Aquifoliaceae	Holly Family
Ilex opaca	American Holly
Ilex verticillata	Winterberry
Betulaceae	Birch Family
Alnus serrulata	Smooth Alder
Betula lenta	Black Birch
Carpinus caroliniana	American Hornbeam
Corylus americana	Hazelnut
Ostrya virginiana	Hophornbeam
Bignoniaceae
Campsis radicans	Trumpet Creeper
Caprifoliaceae	Honeysuckle Family
Lonicera japonica	Japanese Honeysuckle
Sambucus canadensis	Elderberry
Viburnum acerifolium	Maple-leaved Viburnum
Viburnum prunifolium	Blackhaw
Viburnum dentatum	Southern Arrowwood
Viburnum nudum	Possum Haw
Celastraceae	Bittersweet Family
Celastrus orbiculatus	European Bittersweet
Euonymus americanus	Strawberry Bush
Convolvulaceae	Morning-Glory Family
Cuscuta gronovii	Common Dodder
Ipomoea pandurata	Wild Potato Vine
Ipomoea purpurea	Morning Glory
Cornaceae	Dogwood Family
Cornus ammomum	Silky Dogwood
Cornus florida	Flowering Dogwood
Ebenaceae	Ebony Family
Diospyros virginiana	Persimmon
Eleagnaceae	Oleaster Family
Eleagnus umbellata	Autumn Olive
Ericaceae	Heath Family
Gaylussacia baccata	Huckleberry
Kalmia latifolia	Mountain Laurel
Rhododendron periclymenoides	Wild Azalea
Vaccinium stamineum	Deerberry
Vaccinium pallidum	Lowbush Blueberry
Fabaceae	Legume / Pea Family
Cercis canadensis	Redbud
Gleditisia triacanthos	Honey Locust
Robinia Pseudo-acacia	Black Locust
Fagaceae	Beech Family
Castanea dentata	American Chestnut
Castanea pumila	Chinquapin
Fagus grandifolia	Beech
Quercus alba	White Oak
Quercus coccinea	Scarlet Oak
Quercus falcata	Southern Red Oak
Quercus prinus	Chestnut Oak
Quercus rubra	Red Oak
Quercus Stellata	Post Oak
Quercus velutina	Black Oak
Hamamelidaceae	Witch-hazel Family
Hamamelis virginiana	Witch Hazel
Juglandaceae	Walnut Family
Carya cordiformis	Bitternut Hickory
Carya glabra	Pignut Hickory
Carya ovata	Shagbark Hickory
Carya tomentosa	Mockernut Hickory
Juglans nigra	Black Walnut
Lauraceae	Laurel Family
Lindera benzoin	Spicebush
Sassafras albidum	Sassafras
Magnoliaceae	Magnolia Family
Liriodendron tulipifera	Tulip Poplar
Moraceae	Mulberry Family
Morus rubra	Red Mulberry
Morus alba	White Mulberry
Nyssaceae	Tupelo Family
Nyssa sylvatica	Black Gum
Oleaceae	Olive Family
Chionanthus virginicus	Fringetree
Fraxinus americana	White Ash
Ligustrum sinense	Privet
Passifloraceae	Passion Flower Family
Passiflora lutea	Yellow Passion-flower
Platanaceae	Sycamore Family
Platanus occidentalis	Sycamore
Rhamnaceae	Buckthorn Family
Ceanothus americanus	New Jersey Tea
Rhamnus caroliniana	Carolina Buckthorn
Rosaceae	Rose Family
Amelanchier arborea	Common Serviceberry
Amelanchier canadensis	Shadbush
Crataegus uniflora	Hawthorn
Prunus avium	Sweet Cherry
Prunus serotina	Black Cherry
Pyrus communis	Pear
Pyrus malus	Apple
Rosa carolina	Carolina Rose
Rubus argutus	Blackberry
Rubus occidentalis	Black Raspberry
Spiraea betulifolia	Spireae
Rubiaceae	Madder Family
Cephalanthus occidentalis	Buttonbush
Salicaceae	Willow Family
Populus grandidentata	Bigtooth Aspen
Salix nigra	Black Willow
Saxifragaceae	Saxifrage Family
Hydrangea arborescens	Wild Hydrangea
Scrophulariaceae	Figwort (Snapdragon) Family
Paulownia tomentosa	Princess Tree
Simaroubaceae	Ailanthus Family
Ailanthus altissima	Paradise (Tree of Heaven)
Ulmaceae	Elm Family
Celtis occidentalis	Hackberry

CONIFERS
Class Gymnospermae

Cupressaceae	Cedar Family
Juniperus virginiana	Eastern Red Cedar
Pinaceae	Pine Family
Pinus echinata	Shortleaf Pine
Pinus rigida	Pitch Pine
Pinus strobus	White Pine
Pinus virginiana	Virginia Pine
Tsuga canadensis	Hemlock

FLOWERING PLANTS
Class Angiospermae

(Seasons: sp = spring, s = summer, f = fall, w = winter)

Monocotyledons
Subclass monocotyledoneae

Season
	Alismataceae	Water Plantain Family
S	Alisma subcordatum	Water Plantain
S	Sagittaria latifolia	Arrowhead
	Araceae	Arum Family
S	Acorus calmus	Sweetflag
Sp	Arisaema triphyllum	Jack-in-the-Pulpit
S	Peltandra virginica	Arrow Arum
	Commelinaceae
S	Murdannia keisak	Aneilema
S-F	Commelina communis	Asiatic Dayflower
	Cyperaceae	Sedge Family
Sp-S	Carex albicans
Sp-S	Carex amphibola
Sp-S	Carex blanda
Sp-S	Carex cephalophora
S	Carex complanata
	Carex crinita
Sp-S	Carex debilis
Sp	Carex digitalis
Sp-S	Carex festucacea
Sp-S	Carex frankii
Sp-S	Carex intumescens
Sp-S	Carex laxiculmis
Sp-S	Carex lurida
Sp	Carex nigromarginata
Sp	Carex pensylvanica
Sp-S	Carex platyphylla
	Carex prasina
Sp-S	Carex rosea
	Carex scabrata
S	Carex stipata
Sp-S	Carex swanii
Sp-S	Carex tribuloides
Sp	Carex umbellata
Sp-S	Carex virescens
Sp-S	Carex vulpinoidea	Foxtail Sedge
S	Cyperus crythrorhizos
S	Cyperus echinatus
S	Cyperus flavescens
S	Cyperus lupulinus
S	Cyperus strigosus	Umbrella Sedge
S	Cyperus tenuifolius
S	Eleocharis obtusa	Common Spike Rush
S-F	Scirpus cyperinus	Wool Grass
S	Scirpus polyphyllus	Many-leaved Bullrush
S	Scirpus validus	Great Bullrush
S-F	Scleria triglomerata	Nut Rush
	Dioscoreaceae	Yam Family
Sp-S	Dioscorea villosa	Wild Yam
	Iridaceae	Iris Family
Sp-S	Sisyrinchium angustifolium	Blue-eyed Grass
S	Belamcanda chinensis	Blackberry Lily
	Juncaceae	Rush Family
S	Juncus effusus	Common Rush
S	Juncus subcaudatus	Rush
S	Juncus tenuis	Path Rush
S	Luzula echinata	Woodrush
	Lilaceae	Lily Family
S	Allium vineale	Field Garlic
Sp-S	Chamaelirium luteum	Blazing Star
S	Hemerocallis fulva	Daylily
Sp-S	Medeola virginiana	Indian Cucumber Root
Sp	Muscari atlanticum	Grape Hyacinth
Sp-S	Polygonatum biflorum	True Solomon’s Seal
Sp-S	Smilacina racemosa	False Solomon’s Seal
S	Smilax glauca	Catbrier
S	Smilax rotundifolia	Catbrier
Sp	Uvularia perfoliata	Bellflower
	Orchidaceae	Orchid Family
Sp-S	Aplectrum hyemale	Adam-and-Eve Orchid (Puttyroot)
S-F	Corallorhiza odontorhiza	Autumn Coralroot
S	Goodyera pubescens	Rattlesnake Plantain
Sp-S	Isotria verticillata	Whorled Pogonia
Sp-S	Liparis liliifolia	Large Twayblade
Sp	Orchis spectabilis	Showy Orchis
S-F	Spiranthes cernua	Nodding Ladies’ Tresses
S-F	Spiranthes gracilis	Slender Ladies Tresses
S	Tipularia discolor	Cranefly Orchid
	Poaceae	Grass Family
Sp-S	Agrostis gigantea	Redtop
S-F	Agrostis perennans	Autumn Bent
S-F	Andropogon scoparius	Little Bluestem
S-F	Andropogon ternacius	a Broom Sedge
S-F	Andropogon virginicus	Broom Sedge
Sp-S	Anthoxanthum odoratum	Sweet Vernal Grass
S-F	Arthraxon hispidus
S	Brachyeltrum erectum	Long Arm Wool Grass
S	Bromus japonicus	Japanese Broom Grass
S	Bromus racemosus	Hairy Chess
S-F	Cinna arundinacea	Wood Reed
S	Dactylis glomerata	Orchard Grass
S	Danthonia spicata	Poverty Oatgrass
	Dichanthelium boscii	Panic Grass
S	Dichanthelium clandestinum	Deertongue Grass
	Dichanthelium commutatum	Panic Grass
	Dichanthelium depauperatum
S	Dichanthelium dichotomum	Bushy Panic Grass
S	Dichanthelium lanuginosum	Hairy Panic Grass
S	Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon	Many-flowered Panic Grass
S-F	Digitaria sanguinalis	Crab Grass
S-F	Echinochloa crusgalli	Urchin Grass
S-F	Eleusine indica	Goose Grass
S	Elymus riparius	a wild Rye Grass
S	Elymus villosus	a wild Rye Grass
S	Eragrostis spectabilis	Purple Lovegrass
F	Erianthus Alopecuroides	Plumegrass
S	Festuca elatior	Meadow Fescue
S	Festuca obtusa	Fescue
S	Festuca octoflora	Six-weeks Fescue
S	Glyceria striata	Fowl Mannagrass
S-F	Leersia oryzoides	Rice Cutgrass
S	Leersia virginica	White Grass
S	Lolium perenne	Perennial Rye Grass
	Microstegium vimineum	Japanese Grass
S-F	Muhlenbergia schreberi	Nimble Will
S-F	Panicum anceps	Flat-stemmed Panic Grass
	Panicum depauperatum	Panic Grass
S-F	Panicum dichotomiflorum	Spreading Witch Grass
S-F	Panicum rigidulum	Tall Flat Panic Grass
S	Paspalum laeve	Smooth Papalum
S	Phalaris arundinacea	Reed Canary Grass
S	Phleum pratense	Timothy
Sp-S	Poa annua	Annual Bluegrass
S	Poa compressa	Canada Bluegrass
Sp	Poa cuspidata	Short-leaved Bluegrass
Sp-S	Poa pratensis	Kentucky Bluegrass
S	Setaria faberi	Faber’s Foxtail
	Sorghastrum nutans	Indian Grass
	Sphenopholis nitida	a grass
S	Tridens flavus	Grease Grass; Purple Top
	Pontederiaceae	Pickerelweed Family
S	Heteranthera reniformis	Mud Plantain
	Sparganiaceae	Bur Reed Family
S	Sparganium americanum	American Bur Reed
	Typhaceae	Cattail Family
S	Typha latifolia	Cattail

Dicotyledons
Subclass Dicotyledoneae

Season
	Acanthaceae	Acanthus Family
S	Justicia americana	Water Willow
S	Ruellia caroliniensis	Wild Petunia
	Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus Family
S	Amaranthus spinosus	Spiny Amaranthus
	Apiaceae	Parsley Family
S-F	Angelica venenosa	Hairy Angelica
S	Cicuta maculata	Poison Water Hemlock
S	Cryptotaenia canadensis	Honewort
S	Daucus carota	Queen Anne’s Lace
S	Osmorhiiza claytoni	Hairy Sweet Cicely
S	Sanicula canadensis	Black Snakeroot
	Apocynaceae	Dogbane Family
S	Apocynum androsaemifolium	Spreading Dogbane
	Araliaceae	Gensing Family
Sp	Aralia nudicaulis	Wild Sarsaparilla
S	Aralia racemosa	American Spikenard
	Aristolochiaceae	Birthwort Family
Sp	Asarum canadense	Canada Wild Ginger
Sp	Hexastylis virginica	Evergreen Wild Ginger
	Asclepiadaceae	Milkweed Family
S	Asclepias amplexicaulis	Clasping Milkweed
S	Asclepias incarnata	Swamp Milkweed
Sp-S	Asclepias syriaca	Common Milkweed
S-F	Asclepias verticillata	Whorled Milkweed
S	Asclepias viridiflora	Green-flowered Milkweed
	Asteraceae	Composite Family
S-F	Achillea millefolium	Yarrow
S-F	Ageratina altissima	White Snakeroot
S-F	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Ragweed
S-F	Ambrosia trifida	Giant Ragweed
Sp	Antennaria plantaginifolia	Pussytoes
S-F	Arctium minus	Burdock
F	Aster cordifolius	Blue Wood Aster
S-F	Aster divaricatus	White Wood Aster
F	Aster lateriflorus	Starved Aster
S-F	Aster puniceus	Purple-stemmed Aster
F	Aster vimineus	Small Wood Aster
S-F	Bidens bipinnata	Spanish Needles
F	Bidens cernua	Nodding Beggar-Ticks
S-F	Bidens frondosa	Beggar-Ticks
F	Bidens tripartita	Beggar-Ticks
S-F	Carduus lanceolata	Common Thistle
S-F	Centaurea maculosa	Spotted Knapweed
S	Chondrilla juncea	Skeletonweed
S-F	Chrysanthemum leucanthemum	Ox-eye Daisy
Sp-S	Chrysogonum virginianum	Golden Star
S-F	Cichorium intybus	Chicory
S-F	Cirsium discolor	Field Thistle
S-F	Cirsium pumilum	Pasture Thistle
S-F	Cirsium vulgare	Bull Thistle
	Coreopsis verticillata	Whorled Tickseed
S-F	Eclipta alba	Yerba de Tado
S	Elephantopus carolinianus	Elephant’s foot
S-F	Erichtites hieracifolia	Fireweed
S	Erigeron annuus	Daisy Fleabane
S-F	Erigeron canadensis	Horseweed
S	Erigeron strigosus	Daisy Fleabane
S-F	Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus	Common Joe-Pye-Weed
S-F	Eupatorium album	White Throughwort
S-F	Eupatorium perfoliatum	Boneset
S-F	Galinsoga quadriradiata	Devil’s Delight
S-F	Gnaphalium obtusifolium	Rabbit Tobacco
S-F	Gnaphalium purpureum	Purplish Cudweed
F	Helianthus strumosus	Pale-leaved Sunflower
S-F	Heterotheca mariana	Golden Aster
Sp-S	Hieracium caespitosum	Field Hawkweed
S	Hieracium paniculatum	Woodland Hawkweed
Sp	Hieracium pilosella	Mouse-ear Hawkweed
S-F	Hieracium venosum	Rattlesnake Weed
S-F	Pyrrhopappus carolinianus	False Dandelion
S	Rudbeckia hirta	Black-eyed Susan
S	Rudbeckia laciniata	Tall Coneflower
Sp-S	Senecio anonymus	Ragwort
Sp	Senecio aureus	Golden Ragwort
S-F	Sericocarpus asteroides	Toothed White-topped Aster
F	Solidago bicolor	Silverrod
S-F	Solidago caesia	Wreath Goldenrod
F	Solidago canadensis	Tall Goldenrod
F	Solidago erecta	Slender Goldenrod
F	Solidago gigantea	Late Goldenrod
	Solidago nemoralis	Oldfield Goldenrod
F	Solidago odora	Sweet Goldenrod
Sp-F	Taraxacum officinale	Dandelion
S-F	Tragopogon pratensis	Yellow Goatsbeard
S-F	Verbesina alternifolia	Wingstem
	Verbesina occidentalis	Crown-beard
S-F	Vernonia noveboracensis	New York Ironweed
	Balsaminaceae	Jewelweed Family
S-F	Impatiens capensis	Jewelweed
	Berberidaceae	Barberry Family
Sp	Podophyllum peltatum	May Apple; Mandrake
	Boraginaceae	Borage Family
Sp	Lithospermum arvense	Corn Gromwell
Sp	Mertensia virginica	Virginia Bluebells
	Brassicaceae	Mustard Family
Sp	Arabadopsis thaliana	Mouse-ear Cress
Sp	Arabis canadensis	Sicklepod
Sp	Barbarea vulgaris	Winter Cress
Sp	Brassica rapa	Turnip
Sp	Capsella bursa-pastoris	Shepherd’s Purse
Sp	Cardamine hirsuta	Hairy Bittercress
Sp-S	Cardamine pensylvanica	Pennsylvania Bittercress
Sp	Lepidium campestre	Field Cress
Sp-S	Lepidium virginicum	Peppergrass
S-F	Rorippa palustris	March Yellow Cress
Sp-S	Sisymbrium altissumum	Tumble Mustard
Sp-S	Thlaspi arvense	Field Pennycress
	Callitrichaceae
	Callitriche heterophylla	Larger Water Starwort
	Campanulaceae	Bluebell Family
F	Lobelia cardinalis	Cardinal Flower
S-F	Lobelia inflata	Indian Tobacco
S	Lobelia spicata	Spiked Lobelia
S	Triodanis perfoliata	Venus’ Looking Glass
	Caryophyllaceae	Pink Family
S	Dianthus armeria	Deptford Pink
Sp	Holosteum umbellatum	Jagged Chickweed
Sp-S	Scleranthus annuus	Knawel
S	Silene antirrhina	Sleepy Catchfly
Sp-S	Silene caroliniana	Wild Pink
Sp-F	Stellaria media	Common Chickweed
Sp-S	Stellaria pubera	Giant Chickweed
	Chenopodiaceae	Goosefoot Family
S-F	Chenopodium album	Lamb’s Quarters
S-F	Chenopodium ambrosioides	Mexican Tea
	Cistaceae	Rockrose Family
S	Lechea racemulosa	Pinweed
	Ericaeae	Heath Family
S	Chimaphila maculata	Striped (or Spotted) Wintergreen
S	Chimaphila umbellata	Pipsissewa
Sp	Epigaea repens	Trailing Arbutus
Sp-S	Lyonia ligustrina	Maleberry
S-F	Monotropa hypopithys	Pinesap
S	Monotropa uniflora	Indian Pipe
S	Pyrola rotundifolia	American Wintergreen
	Euphorbiaceae	Spurge Family
S-F	Acalypha rhomboidea	Three-seeded Mercury
S	Euphorbia corollata	Flowering Spurge
S-F	Euphorbia maculata	Eyebane
	Fabaceae	Pea Family
S-F	Amphicarpa bracteata	Hog-Peanut
S-F	Apios americana	Groundnut
S	Cassia chamaecrista	Partridge Pea
S	Cassia marilandica	Wild Senna
S	Clitoria mariana	Butterfly Pea
S-F	Desmodium canescens	Tick-trefoil
S-F	Desmodium nudiflorum	Tick-trefoil
S-F	Desmodium paniculatum	Tick-trefoil
S-F	Desmodium rotundifolium	Prostrate Tick-trefoil
S-F	Lespedeza cuneata	Sericea
S-F	Lespedeza hirta	Hairy Bushclover
S-F	Lespedeza procumbens	Trailing Bushclover
S-F	Lespedeza repens	Creeping Bushclover
S-F	Lespedeza striata	Japan Bushclover
S	Medicago sativa	Alfalfa
S	Melilotus alba	White Sweetclover
S	Tephrosia virginiana	Goat’s Rue
Sp-F	Trifolium arvense	Rabbitsfoot Clover
Sp-F	Trifolium campestre	Low Hop Clover
S-F	Trifolium dubium	Least Hop Clover
Sp-F	Trifolium pratense	Red Clover
Sp-S	Vicia satvia	Common Vetch
Sp-F	Trifolium repens	White Clover
Sp-S	Wisteria sinensis	Wisteria
	Fumariaceae	Fumitory Family
Sp-S	Corydalis flavula	Yellow Corydalis
	Geraniaceae	Geranium Family
Sp-F	Erodium cicutarium	Storksbill
Sp-F	Geranium carolinianum	Carolina Crane’s Bill
Sp	Geranium maculatum	Wild Geranium
	Gentianaceae
S	Sabatia angularis	Rose Pink
	Hypericaceae	St. Johnswort Family
S	Hypericum hypericoides	Pineweed
S	Hypericum mutilum	Dwarf St. Johnswort
S	Hypericum perforatum	Common St. Johnswort
S	Hypericum punctatum	Spotted St. Johnswort
	Lamiaceae	Mint Family
S	Collinsonia canadensis	Horse Balm
S	Cunila origanoides	Dittany
S	Hedeoma pulegioides	American Pennyroyal
Sp	Lamium amplexicaule	Henbit
Sp	Lamium purpureum	Purple Dead Nettle
S	Lycopus virginicus	Virginia Bugleweed
	Mentha piperita	Peppermint
S	Monarda fistulosa	Wild Bergamot
S	Monarda punctata	Horsemint
S	Nepeta cataria	Catnip
S	Perilla frutescens	Beefsteak Plant
S	Prunella vulgaris	Heal-All
S	Pycanthemum tenuifolium	Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint
Sp	Salvia lyrata	Lyre-leaved Sage
S	Satureja vulgaris	Basil
S	Scutellaria elliptica	Hairy Skullcap
S	Scutellaria integrifolia	Hyssop Skullcap
S-F	Scutellaria lateriflora	Mad-dog Skullcap
Sp-S	Scutellaria serrata	Showy Skullcap
S	Trichostema dichotomum	Blue Curls
	Linaceae	Flax Family
S	Linum virginianum	Yellow Flax
	Loranthaceae	Mistletoe Family
F	Phoradendron serotinum	Mistletoe
	Malvaceae	Mallow Family
Sp-F	Malva neglecta	Common Mallow
S-F	Abutilon theophrasti	Pie-print; Velvetleaf
	Onagraceae	Evening Primrose Family
S	Circaea lutetiana	Enchanter’s Nightshade
S	Epilobium coloratum	Purple-leaved Willow-herb
S	Ludwigia alternifolia	Seedbox
S-F	Ludwigia decurrens	Primrose Willow
S-F	Ludwigia palustris	Marsh Purslane
S	Oenothera biennis	Evening Primrose
	Orobancaceae	Broomrape Family
Sp-S	Conophosis americana	Squawroot
	Epifagus virginiana	Beech Drops
	Oxalidaceae	Wood Sorrel Family
Sp-F	Oxalis dillenii	Upright Yellow Wood Sorrel
Sp-S	Oxalis violacea	Violet Wood Sorrel
	Papaveraceae	Poppy Family
Sp	Sanguinaria canadensis	Bloodroot
	Phrymaceae	Lopseed Family
S	Phryma leptostachya	Lopseed
	Phytolaccaceae	Pokeweed Family
S	Phytolacca americana	Pokeweed
	Plantaginaceae	Plantain Family
Sp	Plantago aristata	Bracted Plantain
Sp-F	Plantago lanceolata	Narrow-leaved Plantain
Sp-F	Plantago virginica	Dwarf Plantain
	Polygonaceae	Buckwheat Family
Sp-F	Polygonum arifolium	Halberd-leaved Tearthumb
S-F	Polygonum aviculare	Knotweed
S-F	Polygonum cespitosum	Asiatic Water Pepper
S-F	Polygonum hydropiper	Common Smartweed
S-F	Polygonum pensylvanicum	Pennsylvania Smartweed
S-F	Polygonum persicaria	Lady’s Thumb
S-F	Polygonum punctatum	Water Smartweed
S-F	Polygonum sagittatum	Arrowleaf Tearthumb
S-F	Polygonum virginiana	Virginia Knotweed
Sp-F	Rumex acetosella	Sheep Sorrel
	Primulaceae	Primrose Family
S	Lysimachia ciliata	Fringed Loosestrife
Sp-S	Lysimachia quadrifolia	Whorled Loosestrife
	Ranunculaceae	Buttercup Family
S	Anemone virginiana	Thimbleweed
Sp	Anemonella thalictroides	Rue Anemone
S	Cimifuga racemosa	Black Cohosh
Sp	Hepatica americana	Hepatica
Sp-S	Ranunculus abortivus	Kidney-leaved Buttercup
Sp-S	Ranunculus bulbosus	Common Buttercup
Sp-S	Thalictrum revolutum	Meadowrue
	Rosaceae	Rose Family
Sp-S	Alchemilla microcarpa	A winter annual
Sp-S	Aruncus dioicus	Goatsbeard
Sp-S	Duchesnia indica	Indian Strawberry
Sp-S	Fragaria virginiana	Wild Strawberry
S	Geum canadense	White Avens
Sp-S	Gillenia trifoliatus	Indian Physic
Sp-F	Potentilla canadensis	Canada Cinquefoil
S	Potentilla norvegica	Rough Cinquefoil
S	Potentilla recta	Upright Cinquefoil
	Rubiaceae	Madder Family
S	Diodia teres	Rough Buttonweed
Sp-S	Galium aparine	Cleavers
Sp-S	Galium circaezans	Wild Licorice
S	Galium pilosum	Hairy Bedstraw
Sp-S	Galium tinctorium	Clayton’s Bedstraw
Sp-S	Galium triflorum	Sweet-scented Bedstraw
Sp	Houstonia caerulea	Bluets
Sp-S	Houstonia longifolia	Long-leaved Summer Bluets
Sp-S	Houstonia purpurea	Large Summer Bluets
S	Mitchella repens	Partridgeberry
	Saxifragaceae	Saxifrage Family
Sp	Chrysosplenium americanum	Golden Saxifrage
Sp-S	Heuchera americana	Alum Root
S	Penthorum sedoides	Ditch Stonecrop
Sp	Saxifraga virginiensis	Early Saxifrage
	Scrophulariaceae	Figwort Family
S	Aureolaria flava	Smooth yellow Foxglove
S-F	Chelone glabra	Turtlehead
S-F	Gratiola neglecta	Clammy Hedge Hyssop
S-F	Linaria vulgaris	Butter-and-Eggs
S	Mimulus ringens	Common Monkeyflower
S	Scrophularia marilandica	Maryland Figwort
S	Verbascum thapsus	Common Mullein
Sp-S	Veronica arvensis	Corn Speedwell
Sp-S	Veronica officinialis	Common Speedwell
Sp-F	Veronica persica	Persian Speedwell
	Solanaceae	Nightshade Family
S-F	Datura stramonium	Jimson Weed
S	Solanum carolinense	Horsenettle
	Urticaceae	Nettle Family
S	Bochmeia cylindrica	False Nettle
S-F	Pilea pumila	Clearweed
	Valerianaceae	Valerian Family
S	Valerianella locusta	Blue Corn Salad
Sp	Valerianella olitoria	Corn Salad
	Verbenaceae	Vervain Family
S	Verbena urticifolia	White Vervain
	Violaceae	Violet Family
Sp	Viola palmata	Common Blue Violet
Sp	Viola pedata	Bird’s-foot Violet
Sp	Viola rafinesquii	Field Pansy
	Vitacea	Vine Family
S	Parthenocissus quinquifolia	Virginia Creeper
Sp-S	Vitis labrusca	Fox Grape
Sp-S	Vitis riparia	Riverbank Grape
Sp-S	Vitis vulpina	Winter Grape
S	Rumex crispus	Curly Dock

Non-Flowering Plants

FERNS

Ophioglossaceae	Adder’s Tongue Fam.
Botrychium dissectum	Grapefern
Botrychium virginianum	Rattlesnake fern
Ophioglossum vulgatum	Adder’s-tongue fern
Osmundaceae	Royal Fern Family
Osmunda cinnamomea	Cinnamon fern
Osmunda claytoniana	Interrupted fern
Polypodiaceae
Adiantum pedatum	Maidenhair fern
Asplenium platyneuron	Ebony Spleenwort
Asplenium rhizophyllum	Walking fern
Athyrium asplenioides	Southern lady fern
Dennstaedtia punctilobula	Hay-scented fern
Dryopteris intermedia	Intermediate woodfern
Dryopteris marginalis	Marginal woodfern
Dryopteris spinulosa	Spinulose woodfern
Onoclea sensibilis	Sensitive fern
Phegopteris hexagonoptera	Broad beech fern
Polypodium virginianum	Common polypody
Polystichum acrasticoides	Christmas fern
Pteridium aquilinum	Bracken fern
Thelypteris noveboracensis	New York fern
Woodsia obtusa	Blunt-lobed woodsia

FERN ALLIES

Lycopodiaceae	Clubmoss Family
Lycopodium digitatum	Running Cedar
Lycopodium lucidulum	Ground Pine
Lycopodium obscurum	Tree club-moss
Selaginellaceae	Spikemoss Family
Selaginella apoda	Meadow Spikemoss